CHAPTER 1 A REFORM MOVEMENT 1517–1522 CONDITIONS FOR REFORM In 1054 C.E., after a millennium of unity, Christendom experienced a tragic schism between the Greek Christians in the East (later labeled “Eastern Orthodox”) and the Latin Christians in the West (known as “Roman Catholics”). Half a millennium later, in 1517 C.E., Martin Luther’s Ninety-five Theses against the abuse of Roman Catholic indulgences signaled a second schism, resulting in the formation of a variety of churches known as “Protestant.”
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